least the Alconétar Bridge (approximately 2nd century AD), while the enormous Roman era
AMECO USA specializes in
cable stayed bridge components, which is a
Construction bridge that consists of one or more columns (normally referred to as towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck.
Trajan's Bridge (105 AD) featured open-spandrel segmental arches in wooden construction.
AMECO USA fabricates two major classes of
cable stayed Construction bridge components: In a harp design, the cables are made nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower(s) so that the height of attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower along the roadway to its lower attachment. In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top of the tower(s).
Rope bridges, a simple type of Construction bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the
Compared to other
Construction bridge components types, the
cable stayed Construction bridge is optimal for spans longer than typically seen in cantilever
bridges, and shorter than those typically requiring a
Construction bridge. This is the range in which cantilever spans would rapidly grow heavier if they were lengthened, and in which
Construction cabling does not get more economical, were the span to be shortened.
The main bridge consists of two diamond- shaped towers and a bridge deck with two edge girders and transverse floor beams.
Andes mountains of South America, just prior to European colonization in the 16th century.
cable stayed bridge Construction can be dated back to 1595, where designs were found in a book by the Venetian inventor Fausto Veranzio, called Machinae Novae. Many early
Construction bridges were of hybrid
Construction and
cable stayed components construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Bridge, James Dredge's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge (1872) and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer
bridge components, and John A. Roebling took particular advantage of this to limit deformations due to railway loads in the Niagara Falls
Construction Bridge.
During the 18th century there were many innovations in the design of timber bridges by Hans
A multiple-tower
cable stayed bridge components may appear similar to a
Construction bridge, but in fact is very different in principle and in the method of construction. In the
Construction bridge, a large cable hangs between two towers, and is fastened at each end to anchorages in the ground or to a massive structure. These cables form the primary load-bearing structure for the
bridge components deck. Before the deck is installed, the cables are under tension from only their own weight. Smaller cables or rods are then suspended from the main cable, and used to support the load of the
bridge components deck, which is lifted in sections and attached to the suspender cables. As this is done the tension in the cables increases, as it does with the live load of vehicles or persons crossing the
bridge. The tension on the cables must be transferred to the earth by the anchorages, which are sometimes difficult to construct owing to poor soil conditions.
Ulrich, Johannes Grubenmann, and others. The first book on bridge engineering was written by
In the
cable stayed bridge components, the towers form the primary load-bearing structure. A cantilever approach is often used for support of the
bridge Construction deck near the towers, but areas further from them are supported by cables running directly to the towers. This has the disadvantage, compared to the
Construction bridge components, of the cables pulling to the sides as opposed to directly up, requiring the
bridge components deck to be stronger to resist the resulting horizontal compression loads; but has the advantage of not requiring firm anchorages to resist a horizontal pull of the cables, as in the
Construction bridge components. All static horizontal forces are balanced so that the supporting tower does not tend to tilt or slide, needing only to resist such forces from the live loads.
Hubert Gautier in 1716. A major breakthrough in bridge technology came with the erection of the
Key advantages of the
cable stayed bridge form are as follows:
- much greater stiffness than the Construction bridge, so that deformations of the deck under live loads are reduced
- for a symmetrical bridge components (i.e. spans on either side of the tower are the same), the horizontal forces balance and large ground anchorages are not required
- can be constructed by cantilevering out from the tower - the cables act both as temporary and permanent supports to the bridge deck
For the construction of this stay cable bridge a new construction method,
With the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, truss systems of wrought iron were developed
A further advantage of the
cable stayed bridge Construction is that any number of towers may be used. This
bridge form can be as easily built with a single tower, as with a pair of towers. However, a
Construction bridge is usually built only with a pair of towers.
for larger bridges, but iron did not have the tensile strength to support large loads. With the
A side spar
cable stayed bridge components uses a central tower supported on only one side. This design could allow the construction of a curved
bridge.
advent of steel, which has a high tensile strength, much larger bridges were built, many using
Far more radical in its structure, the Redding, California, Sundial Bridge is a
pedestrian bridge that uses a single cantilever spar on one side of the span, with cables on one side only to support the
bridge deck. Unlike the other
cable stayed bridge components types shown this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its foundation and the spar must resist the bending caused by the cables, as the cable forces are not balanced by opposing cables. The spar of this particular bridge forms the gnomon of a large garden sundial. Related
bridges by the architect Santiago Calatrava include the Puente del Alamillo (1992), Puente de la Mujer (2001), and Chords Bridge (2008).
In 1927 welding pioneer Stefan Bryla designed the first welded road bridge in the world, which
Cable stayed bridges have been compared to the masts of majestic sailing ships, proclaimed as monuments and recognized as engineering marvels. Each
bridge component is a unique structure, designed to address specific transportation functional needs and respond to site, owner and community considerations.
was later built across the river Sludwia Maurzyce near Lowicz, Poland in 1929. In 1995, the
Construction technology and material science for
bridge components have been an important part of advancing
cable stayed bridge technology. Material advancements introduced into
bridge component applications include self-consolidating concrete, stainless steel, higher strength concretes and composite fibers. New sensor and data communication technologies allow for real time monitoring of
bridge component information. This data will contribute to refining technologies and lead to the next chapter in state-of-the-art
bridge component designs. Materials and technology incorporated into
bridge component designs over the past 30 years have incrementally improved with more economical, sustainable and lower maintenance materials. Over time, technology has also changed the way
bridge components are designed, with enhancements in software and hardware to model structural behavior, refine elements of the design and produce final designs more quickly.
The stay cables were lifted by a crane, fixed at the pylon, temporarily attached to the form traveller and tensioned
American Welding Society presented the Historic Welded Structure Award for the bridge to
The
cable stayed bridges described here illustrate some of the advancements in materials and structural components for
cable stayed bridges.
There are six main types of bridges: beam bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, Construction
Opened to traffic, this was the first concrete segmental
cable stayed bridge Construction in America and features a 1,200-foot long precast main span, a single plane of stays and single pylons with twin wall piers. This structure replaced the earlier Skyway, which was destroyed in 1980 by a ship collision. This was one of the first major American
bridge components designed using guidelines being developed at that time to resist ship impact. Based on the typical ship traffic that travels under this
bridge component, the two main pylons were designed to withstand a 12 million pound ship impact force.
Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end by abutments, hence their structural
It was originally thought that
cable stayed bridges could only be cost effective in long spans similar to the Sunshine Skyway
Bridge. However, with further development of precast
bridge component technology and the creative application of new shapes, this changed with the I-295 Varina-Enon
Bridge, which was completed in July 1990. With a 630-foot cable stayed main span, the first use of precast concrete delta frames connected to twin box girders and, using a single plane of stays, provided a cost-effective solution for a moderate span length. This
bridge component carries six lanes of I-295 over the James River, southeast of Richmond, Virginia. At $34.4 million, the
bridge component was approximately $10 million below the estimate at the time of the bid. At bid, all seven contractors selected the concrete segmental design over a steel design. With precast concrete elements for the piers, superstructure box girders, pylon towers above the deck level and delta frames, construction focused on pre-fabrication and speed of erection. On August 6, 1993, the Varina-Enon
Bridge stood strong against a direct tornado strike across the main span without any damage, even with 18-wheel trucks overturned and plowed against the railing...a testament to the strength and torsional stability of concrete
cable stay bridges.
name of simply supported. When there is more than one span the intermediate supports are
The Veterans Memorial
Bridge was the first
cable stayed bridge built in Texas when it was completed in September 1990. A precast concrete
cable stayed alternate was pre-approved before the bid. This contractor alternate competed against already prepared plans for a steel truss
bridge component. Since the
bridge component would only carry one-way traffic, the economical and functional solution was to use twin planes of stays. To speed construction, the four pylons used precast assembly and pre-assembly of each stay as a unit. An entire stay assembly was completed on the deck with a special stay saddle, and then lifted as a single unit into final position on the pylon as precast concrete pylon segments were installed in sequence. A custom-shaped closed cell box girder was created, built using cantilever construction over the water concurrently while the pylons were built. This optimized construction operations. This 1,480-foot long precast segmental
bridge component features a 640-foot
cable stayed main span, two 280-foot flanking spans, two 140-foot side spans and parallel stays. The creative shapes and assembly methods brought economy to a
cable stayed bridge for a medium span range.
known as piers. The earliest beam bridges were simple logs that sat across streams and similar
The 4,620-foot Clark
Bridge includes a unique 756-foot
cable stayed bridge main span crossing the Mississippi River. This
cable stayed bridge design features the first use in the United States of a single pylon with two planes of stays. The 1,360-foot main span unit (302 feet, 756 feet, 302 feet) is supported by the innovation of a
cable stayed bridge saddle system located over the top of each pylon. Each 252-foot tall concrete pylon carries 44 cable stays that support the main span unit. A bedding plate at the top of each pylon supports the
cable stayed bridge, which are arranged in two planes that anchor at edge beams along the deck. The introduction of these special design features into the Clark
Bridge reduced the number of
cable stayed bridge anchorages by half, and placed all the cable stressing at deck level to optimize the
cable stayed bridge cost and labor.
After adjustment of the transfer forces, the anchorage was grouted.
simple structures. In modern times, beam bridges are large box steel girder bridges. Weight on
Dedicated in 1995, the SR1 bridge over the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal was the first concrete
cable stayed bridge in the northeast United States. The
cable stayed bridge Construction design, at $58 million, saved the Delaware Department of Transportation $6.2 million against an alternate design. The 3,900-foot long approaches were built using twin precast box girders to build 26 150-foot spans in span-by-span construction. This repetitive superstructure system was used all the way to the pylon. At the pylon, the 750-foot main span was built in one directional cantilever (half from each pylon) using the same box girder from the approaches and adding precast delta frames at each stay location. Each
cable stayed bridge and 20 feet of superstructure were typically built in four days. The piers are precast box girders, allowing 65-foot tall piers to be built in a single day. The technology of this
bridge component served as an introduction for more concrete
cable stayed bridge in the northeast United States.
top of the beam pushes straight down on the abutments at either end of the bridge.
Crossing the Charles River in Boston is the widest
cable stayed bridge in the world, at 183 feet. The cable arrangement of twin planes in the main span, and a single plane in the back span, provides both the necessary engineering design and an aesthetically pleasing solution. The
bridge component is asymmetrical both longitudinally and transversely, with the south back span at 282 feet in length and the north back span at 420 feet. Both back spans consist of multi-cell post-tensioned concrete box girders, while the
cable stayed bridge main span is structural steel with a precast concrete deck. The initial design concept was developed by Dr. Christian Menn. The shape of the pylon, an inverted "Y", creates an ideal way to handle a wide deck with the single and double stay arrangement. The cables are spaced at 20 feet on center in the main span and 15 feet on center in the back spans.
made up mostly of wood or metal. Beam bridge spans typically do not exceed 250 feet (76 m)
Designed and constructed as an emergency replacement for an aging Construction
bridge component, the length of this 1,161-foot long
cable stayed bridge main span was derived from eliminating foundations in the water and placing pylons on land at the edges of the Penobscot River. The result is an asymmetrical
cable stayed bridge with spans of 480 feet, 1,161 feet, and 480 feet, constructed in balanced cantilever construction using a single box girder. This allowed the river channel to remain open and construction to continue throughout harsh Maine winters. The
bridge component was delivered under an innovative owner-facilitated design/build method where the Maine Department of Transportation (Maine DOT) retained control over schedule and budget.
long, as the strength of a span decreases with increased length. However, the main span of the
cable stayed bridge technology continues to evolve as new materials are tested and technology continues to advance. Experience from these completed
cable stayed bridge Construction has shown that the torsional rigidity of a closed cell box girder superstructure enhances structural response to wind loading during construction and eliminates the need for temporary stabilization attachments. Unique features such as precast delta frames and struts can expand the box girder to a system that allows the use of single pylons with a single plane of stays. This pre-fabrication and streamlined approach to long
cable stayed bridge spans contributes to quicker construction. The
cable stayed bridge system of continuous strands, with anchors only at deck level, creates easy access to the stays inside the box girder superstructure for both construction and future inspection. In addition to the economical use of
cable stayed bridge for spans of 600 feet to 1,500 feet and greater, the configurations offer an elegance that also addresses communities’ interests in creating exciting landmark
cable stayed bridge for the future.
Cable stayed bridges with more than three spans involve significantly more challenging designs than do 2-span or 3-span structures.
Rio-Niteroi Bridge, a box girder bridge, is 300 metres (980 ft). The world's longest beam bridge is
In a 2-span or 3-span
cable stayed bridge components, the loads from the main spans are normally anchored back near the end abutments by stays in the end spans. For more spans, this is not the case and the
bridge structure is less stiff overall. This can create difficulties both in the design of the deck and the pylons. Examples of multiple span structures in which this is the case include Ting Kau
Bridge components, where additional 'cross-bracing' stays are used to stabilise the pylons; Millau Viaduct and Mezcala
Bridge components, where twin-legged towers are used; and General Rafael Urdaneta
Bridge components, where very stiff multi-legged frame towers were adopted. A similar situation with a
Construction bridge is found at both the Great Seto
Bridge and San Francisco – Oakland Bay
Bridge where additional anchorage piers are required after every set of three
Construction spans - this solution can also be adapted for
cable stayed bridges.
Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in southern Louisiana in the United States, at 23.83 miles
The Veterans' Glass City Skyway, commonly referred to as the Toledo Skyway
Bridge, is a
cable stayed bridge on Interstate 280 in Toledo, Ohio. After many delays, it opened in 2007.
Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers—horizontal beams supported on only one end. Most
The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the city of Toledo began planning the
cable stayed bridge in April 1999, and construction began in 2001. The project consisted of building an 8,800 foot (2,700 m) span across the Maumee River low-lying land. The main span over the Maumee River is a
cable stayed type
bridge components with a single pylon and two spans 612'-6" (200 m) on each side of the pylon. The main span approaches are approximately 4,000 feet (1,220 m) north of the river and 3,350 feet (1,020 m) south of the Maumee. The
bridge components opened to traffic on June 24, 2007.
cantilever bridges use a pair of continuous spans that extend from opposite sides of the
The
bridge components carries three lanes of traffic in each direction. The road surface reaches a height of 130 feet (40 m) above the surface of the Maumee River. The
bridge components is the most expensive project ever undertaken by ODOT, costing approximately US$237 million.
supporting piers to meet at the center of the obstacle the bridge crosses. Cantilever bridges are
The main attraction of the
bridge components is the single
cable stayed pylon which contains 384 light emitting diode (LED) fixtures that are capable of creating 16.7 million potential color combinations. The LEDs shine through all the glass facing on all four sides of upper 196' feet of the main pylon. These lights should be visible from up to 3 miles (5 km) away.
supporting piers to meet at the center of the obstacle the bridge crosses. Cantilever bridges are
The community selected a "glass" theme for the
bridge components design, choosing to honor the region's heritage in the glass manufacturing industry. The
bridge components was designed by Figg Bridge Engineers, Inc. for the Ohio Department of Transportation.
constructed using much the same materials & techniques as beam bridges. The difference
The
bridge components is one of two installations of a new
cable stayed bridge cradle system that eliminates anchorages in the pylon by carrying the stays from anchorages in the
bridge components deck, through the pylon and back to anchorages in the deck. The cradle system provides many benefits during construction and over the 100+ year service life of the
bridge components. Each strand acts independently, allowing for the selective removal, inspection and replacement of the strands.
comes in the action of the forces through the bridge. The largest cantilever bridge is the 549-
The Harbor Drive Pedestrian
Bridge Construction crosses Harbor Drive at Park Boulevard in San Diego, California. Completed in 2011, the
bridge components was built to accommodate pedestrian traffic from the Petco Park baseball stadium crossing to and from parking areas on the other side of Harbor Drive at the Hilton Bayfront Hotel. The
bridge components also crosses over the train and San Diego Metropolitan Transit System trolley tracks and connects the convention center with the Gaslamp Quarter and the East Village.
Arch bridges have abutments at each end. The earliest known arch bridges were built by the
The
bridge components is suspended from a single 131' tall
cable stayed pylon set into the ground at a 60 degree angle. The unusual design features a curved concrete deck that is suspended only on the deck's inside curve by a single pair of
Construction cables. The
bridge components is constructed using stainless steel and has lighting above and below the deck.
Greeks, and include the Arkadiko Bridge. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at
The Sidney Lanier
Bridge is a
cable stayed bridge that spans the Brunswick River in Brunswick, Georgia, carrying four lanes of U.S. Route 17. The current
bridge components was built as a replacement to the original lift
bridge components which was twice struck by ships. It is currently the longest spanning
bridge components in Georgia and is 480 feet tall. It is also the seventy-sixth largest
cable stayed bridge in the world from 2003 - present day. It was named for poet Sidney Lanier. Each year (usually in February), there is the "
Bridge Run" sponsored by Southeast Georgia Health System when the south side of the
bridge components is closed to traffic and people register to run (or walk) the
bridge components.
Greeks, and include the Arkadiko Bridge. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at
The approach
bridge components spans were constructed by Rosiek Construction Company, Inc of Arlington, TX. The 180' long concrete beams set were the longest ever set in the US at the time. The main
bridge components span was constructed by the Joint Venture of Recchi America, Inc. and GLF Construction Co. under JV Project Manager Brian West and General Superintendent Richard Broggi.
either side. Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is currently building the Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed
The original Sidney Lanier
Bridge Construction was opened June 22, 1956, and was built by Sverdrup & Parcel, the same firm that designed the I-35W Mississippi River
bridge components which collapsed catastrophically in 2007. On November 7, 1972 the ship African Neptune struck the
bridge components, causing parts of the
bridge components to collapse and causing several cars to fall into the water. Ten deaths were caused by the accident. On May 3, 1987 the
bridge components was again struck by a ship, this time by the Polish freighter Ziemia Bialostocka.
Crossing, which is scheduled for completion in 2012. When completed, it will be the largest arch bridge in the world
The
Bridge of Honor, commonly known as the Pomeroy–Mason
Bridge is a
cable stayed bridge over the Ohio River between the American cities of Pomeroy, Ohio and Mason, West Virginia. With construction being carried out by the C.J. Mahan Construction Company and overseen by the Ohio Department of Transportation, it was completed on December 30, 2008. The crossing carries Ohio State Route 833 which connects to West Virginia Route 62.
Construction bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest Construction bridges were made of
The
bridge components was originally scheduled to open in 2006. However, numerous unforeseen issues delayed the construction. Although work began in 2003, river flooding, poor soil stability, a rock slide, and potentially problematic formwork all caused setbacks in the building process. The final cost of the
bridge components was approximately US$65,000,000.
ropes or vines covered with pieces of bamboo. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers
At night, the
bridge components are illuminated by purple lights shining on the cables and towers as shown here.
ropes or vines covered with pieces of bamboo. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers
The former
bridge components were constructed in 1928, the two-lane Cantilever
bridge components span once carried U.S. Highway 33. In 2003, it was renumbered to State Route 833 when US 33 was relocated along a new super-two highway to the Ravenswood Bridge. The original two-lane
cable stayed bridge span's center span was demolished on at 8:49 a.m. EDT on April 21, 2009, with several hundred spectators viewing from the Pomeroy levee. The demolition was also broadcast live via an Internet feed on WSAZ from Huntington, West Virginia. An eight-year-old boy was selected to press the detonation button. River traffic was halted for twenty-four hours to allow for clean-up. The remainder of the
bridge components was removed by June 2009. The cost to remove the center
cable stayed bridge span was approximately $1 million US.
that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. The caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into
The worlds most beautiful list ranks the world's
cable stayed bridges by the length of main span (distance between the Construction towers). The length of the main span is the most common way to rank
cable stayed bridges. If one
bridge components has a longer span than another it does not mean that the
bridge components is the longer from shore to shore or from anchorage to anchorage. However, the size of the main span does often correlate with the height of the towers and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the
bridge components.
the floor of a lake or river. The longest Construction bridge in the world is the 12,826 feet (3,909 m
Though,
cable stayed bridge Construction with more than three spans are generally more complex, and
bridge components of this type generally represent a more notable engineering achievement even where their spans are shorter.
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan. See simple Construction bridge, stressed ribbon bridge,
Cable stayed bridges have the second-longest spans (after suspended-deck Construction
bridge components) of the types of
bridge components. They are practical for spans up to around 1 kilometer (0.6 mi). The Sutong
Bridge over the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China has the largest span of any
cable stayed bridge at 1,088 meters (3,570 ft), although in 2012 it is to be replaced at this position by Russky Island
Bridge in Vladivostok, Russia with its 1,104 meters (3,622 ft) span.
like Construction bridges, are held up by cables. However, in a cable
The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge is a
cable stayed bridge that spans the Yangtze River in China between Nantong and Changshu, a satellite city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu province. With a span of 1,088 metres (3,570 ft), it is the
cable stayed bridge with the longest main span in the world as of 2010. Its two side spans are 300 metres (980 ft) each, and there are also four small cable spans. The
bridge components received the 2010 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement award (OCEA) from the American Society of Civil Engineers.
stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately
The towers of the
bridge components are 306 metres (1,004 ft) high and thus the second tallest in the world. The total
bridge components length is 8,206 metres (26,923 ft). Construction began in June 2003, and the
bridge components was linked up in June 2007. The
bridge components was opened to traffic on 25 May 2008 and was officially opened on 30 June 2008. Construction has been estimated to cost about US$1.7 billion.
shorter. The first known cable stayed bridge was designed in 1784 by C.T. Loescher
Stonecutters
Bridge is a high level
cable stayed bridge which spans the Rambler Channel in Hong Kong, connecting Nam Wan Kok, Tsing Yi Island and Stonecutters Island. The
bridge components deck was completed on 7 April 2009, making this the second longest
cable stayed bridge components span in the world, and opened to traffic on 20 December 2009.
longest cable stayed bridge is the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in China
The Tatara
Bridge is a
cable stayed bridge Construction that is part of the Nishiseto Expressway, commonly known as the Shimanami Kaido. The
bridge components has a center span of 890 metres (2,920 ft). As of 2010 it has the fourth longest main span of any
cable stayed bridge after the Sutong Bridge. The expressway is a series of roads and
bridge components that is one of the three routes of the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project connecting the islands of Honshu and Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea in Japan. The Kurushima-Kaikyo
Bridge is on the same route.
Movable bridges are designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic, which
The Pont de Normandie is a
cable stayed bridge that spans the river Seine linking Le Havre to Honfleur in Normandy, northern France. Its total length is 2,143.21 metres (7,032 ft) – 856 metres (2,808 ft) between the two piers.
At that time the
bridge components was both the longest
cable stayed bridge in the world, and had the record for the longest distance between piers for any
cable stayed bridge. It was more than 250 m longer between piers than the previous record. This record was lost in 1999 to the Tatara Bridge in Japan. Its record for length for a
cable stayed bridge was lost in 2004 to the 2883 meters of the Rio-Antirrio. At the end of construction, the
bridge components had cost $465 million and was financed by Natixis.
would otherwise be too tall to fit. These are generally electrically powered.
The Incheon
Bridge (also called the Incheon Grand
Bridge) is a newly-constructed
bridge components in South Korea. At its opening in October 2009, it became the second connection between Yeongjong Island and the mainland of Incheon. The Incheon
Bridge is South Korea's longest spanning
cable stayed bridge. In comparison, the Incheon
Bridge is the world's seventh longest
cable stayed bridge as of October 2010. The main purpose of the
bridge components is to provide direct access between Songdo and Incheon International Airport, reducing travel time between them by up to one hour.
Double-decked or double-decker bridges have two levels, such as the San Francisco – Oakland
The Shanghai Yangtze River
Bridge starts at the tunnel exit, crosses Changxing Island at ground level, then crosses to Chongming Island, ending at Chen Jia Zhen.
It consists of two long viaducts with a higher
cable stayed bridge components section in the middle to allow the passage of ships. The total length is 16.63 kilometres (10.33 mi), of which 6.66 kilometres (4.14 mi) is road and 9.97 kilometres (6.20 mi)
bridge components. The overall shape of the
bridge components is not linear but slightly sigmoid ("S" shaped).
The central
cable stayed bridge components span is about 730 meters, the longest span of any
bridge components in Shanghai, and the fifth longest
cable stayed bridge components span in the world.
Bay Bridge, with two road levels. Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge in Hong Kong have
The Minpu
Bridge is a
Cable stayed bridge in Minhang,Shanghai which carries the S32 Expressway which connect the Shanghai Pudong Airport to Zhjiang Povince. It has a main
bridge components span of 708 meters, which is the longest
cable stayed bridge in Shanghai. The
bridge components was designed by the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute, Shanghai Urban Construction College, and Shanghai Urban Construction Design Institute, with assistance from Holger S. Svensson. It was built by the Shanghai Huangpujiang
Bridge Engineering Construction company. It carries two levels of roadway to accomedate more cars and has a stiffening truss to prevent swinging in the city's harsh winds. The
bridge Construction is an engineering marvel.
six lanes on their upper decks, and on their lower decks there are two lanes and a pair of tracks
The Third Nanjing Yangtze
Bridge is a
cable stayed bridge located in Nanjing, China. It is the third crossing of the Yangtze River at Nanjing. The main
bridge components span measure 648 meters. The
cable stayed bridge components portion is just a part of the 4.7 kilometers of the complete
bridge components. Constructed in slightly more than two years at a cost of $490 million, this
bridge components features dual 215 meters towers.
for MTR metro trains. Likewise, in Toronto, the Prince Edward Viaduct has five lanes of motor
Jintang
Bridge (is a highway
bridge with a
cable stayed bridge portion, built in Zhejiang, China on the Zhoushan Archipelago, the largest offshore island group in China. It is the longest
bridge components in Zhoushan Trans-oceanic
Bridges with a length of 26,540 meters, connecting Jintang Island and Zhenhai, Ningbo. The main
bridge components span of the
bridge components is a
cable stayed bridge with opposite towers. The
bridge components is one of the longest
bridges in China along with Hangzhou Bay Bridge and Donghai
Bridge among others.
traffic, bicycle lanes, and sidewalks on its upper deck; and a pair of tracks for the Bloor–Danforth
The Rion-Antirion
bridge, officially the Charilaos Trikoupis
bridge components after the statesman who first envisaged it, is the world's longest multi-span
cable stayed bridge. It crosses the Gulf of Corinth near Patras, linking the town of Rion on the Peloponnese to Antirion on mainland Greece.
subway line. Some double-decker bridges only use one level for street traffic; the Washington
C?n Tho Bridge is a
cable stayed bridge over the H?u (Bassac) River, the largest distributary of the Mekong River, in the city of C?n Tho in southern Vietnam. The
bridge components is 2.75 kilometres long (1.68 miles). It has a 6-lane carriageway measuring 23 metres (76 feet) in width, with 4 lanes for traffic and two pedestrian lanes. It have a clearance of 39 metres (128 feet), which will allow large ships to pass underneath the
bridge components. The
bridge components was inaugurated on April 24, 2010.
Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis reserves its lower level for automobile traffic and its upper level for
Skarnsund Bridge is a 1,010-metre (3,310 ft) long concrete
cable stayed bridge that crosses the Skarnsundet sound, in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. When finished in 1991, it replaced the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry and it gives the communities in Mosvik and Leksvik easier access to the central areas of Innherred. The
bridge Construction is the only road crossing of the Trondheimsfjord, and is located on Norwegian County Road 755.
